Atlas / Skills / xu-xiang / Swiftui Patterns

Swiftui PatternsSAFE

skills/xu-xiang/swiftui-patterns

everything-claude-code 中文翻译项目:完整的 Claude Code 配置集合(agents, skills, hooks, commands, rules, MCPs)。源自 Anthropic 黑客松获胜者的实战配置,助力中文工程师高效理解与使用 Claude Code。

Verdict
SAFE
Grade
B
Trust score
89 /100
Version
—
Hosts
—
License
MIT
Stars
1,988
01

Overview

everything-claude-code 中文翻译项目:完整的 Claude Code 配置集合(agents, skills, hooks, commands, rules, MCPs)。源自 Anthropic 黑客松获胜者的实战配置,助力中文工程师高效理解与使用 Claude Code。

Read from source at commit 012f775295c3OBSERVED · 2026-10-12
02

What it tells the agent

The instruction file, verbatim from the audited commit — this is the text the model reads, and the surface the audit's instruction layer examines. Quoted here so you can judge it without cloning anything.

---
name: swiftui-patterns
description: SwiftUI 架构模式,使用 @Observable 进行状态管理,视图组合,导航,性能优化,以及现代 iOS/macOS UI 最佳实践。
---

# SwiftUI 模式

适用于 Apple 平台的现代 SwiftUI 模式,用于构建声明式、高性能的用户界面。涵盖 Observation 框架、视图组合、类型安全导航和性能优化。

## 何时激活

* 构建 SwiftUI 视图和管理状态时(`@State`、`@Observable`、`@Binding`)
* 使用 `NavigationStack` 设计导航流程时
* 构建视图模型和数据流时
* 优化列表和复杂布局的渲染性能时
* 在 SwiftUI 中使用环境值和依赖注入时

## 状态管理

### 属性包装器选择

选择最适合的最简单包装器:

| 包装器 | 使用场景 |
|---------|----------|
| `@State` | 视图本地的值类型(开关、表单字段、Sheet 展示) |
| `@Binding` | 指向父视图 `@State` 的双向引用 |
| `@Observable` 类 + `@State` | 拥有多个属性的自有模型 |
| `@Observable` 类(无包装器) | 从父视图传递的只读引用 |
| `@Bindable` | 指向 `@Observable` 属性的双向绑定 |
| `@Environment` | 通过 `.environment()` 注入的共享依赖项 |

### @Observable ViewModel

使用 `@Observable`(而非 `ObservableObject`)—— 它跟踪属性级别的变更,因此 SwiftUI 只会重新渲染读取了已变更属性的视图:

```swift
@Observable
final class ItemListViewModel {
    private(set) var items: [Item] = []
    private(set) var isLoading = false
    var searchText = ""

    private let repository: any ItemRepository

    init(repository: any ItemRepository = DefaultItemRepository()) {
        self.repository = repository
    }

    func load() async {
        isLoading = true
        defer { isLoading = false }
        items = (try? await repository.fetchAll()) ?? []
    }
}
```

### 消费 ViewModel 的视图

```swift
struct ItemListView: View {
    @State private var viewModel: ItemListViewModel

    init(viewModel: ItemListViewModel = ItemListViewModel()) {
        _viewModel = State(initialValue: viewModel)
    }

    var body: some View {
        List(viewModel.items) { item in
            ItemRow(item: item)
        }
        .searchable(text: $viewModel.searchText)
        .overlay { if viewModel.isLoading { ProgressView() } }
        .task { await viewModel.load() }
    }
}
```

### 环境注入

用 `@Environment` 替换 `@EnvironmentObject`:

```swift
// Inject
ContentView()
    .environment(authManager)

// Consume
struct ProfileView: View {
    @Environment(AuthManager.self) private var auth

    var body: some View {
        Text(auth.currentUser?.name ?? "Guest")
    }
}
```

## 视图组合

### 提取子视图以限制失效

将视图拆分为小型、专注的结构体。当状态变更时,只有读取该状态的子视图会重新渲染:

```swift
struct OrderView: View {
    @State private var viewModel = OrderViewModel()

    var body: some View {
        VStack {
            OrderHeader(title: viewModel.title)
            OrderItemList(items: viewModel.items)
            OrderTotal(total: viewModel.total)
        }
    }
}
```

### 用于可复用样式的 ViewModifier

```swift
struct CardModifier: ViewModifier {
    func body(content: Content) -> some View {
        content
            .padding()
            .background(.regularMaterial)
            .clipShape(RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 12))
    }
}

extension View {
    func cardStyle() -> some View {
        modifier(CardModifier())
    }
}
```

## 导航

### 类型安全的 NavigationStack

使用 `NavigationStack` 与 `NavigationPath` 来实现程序化、类型安全的路由:

```swift
@Observable
final class Router {
    var path = NavigationPath()

    func navigate(to destination: Destination) {
        path.append(destination)
    }

    func popToRoot() {
        path = NavigationPath()
    }
}

enum Destination: Hashable {
    case detail(Item.ID)
    case settings
    case profile(User.ID)
}

struct RootView: View {
    @State private var router = Router()

    var body: some View {
        NavigationStack(path: $router.path) {
            HomeView()
                .navigationDestination(for: Destination.self) { dest in
                    switch dest {
                    case .detail(let id): ItemDetailView(itemID: id)
                    case .settings: SettingsView()
                    case .profile(let id): ProfileView(userID: id)
                    }
                }
        }
        .environment(router)
    }
}
```

## 性能

### 为大型集合使用惰性容器

`LazyVStack` 和 `LazyHStack` 仅在视图可见时才创建它们:

```swift
ScrollView {
    LazyVStack(spacing: 8) {
        ForEach(items) { item in
            ItemRow(item: item)
        }
    }
}
```

### 稳定的标识符

在 `ForEach` 中始终使用稳定、唯一的 ID —— 避免使用数组索引:

```swift
// Use Identifiable conformance or explicit id
ForEach(items, id: \.stableID) { item in
    ItemRow(item: item)
}
```

### 避免在 body 中进行昂贵操作

* 切勿在 `body` 内执行 I/O、网络调用或繁重计算
* 使用 `.task {}` 处理异步工作 —— 当视图消失时它会自动取消
* 在滚动视图中谨慎使用 `.sensoryFeedback()` 和 `.geometryGroup()`
* 在列表中最小化使用 `.shadow()`、`.blur()` 和 `.mask()` —— 它们会触发屏幕外渲染

### 遵循 Equatable

对于 body 计算昂贵的视图,遵循 `Equatable` 以跳过不必要的重新渲染:

```swift
struct ExpensiveChartView: View, Equatable {
    let dataPoints: [DataPoint] // DataPoint must conform to Equatable

    static func == (lhs: Self, rhs: Self) -> Bool {
        lhs.dataPoints == rhs.dataPoints
    }

    var body: some View {
        // Complex chart rendering
    }
}
```

## 预览

使用 `#Preview` 宏配合内联模拟数据以进行快速迭代:

```swift
#Preview("Empty state") {
    ItemListView(viewModel: ItemListViewModel(repository: EmptyMockRepository()))
}

#Preview("Loaded") {
    ItemListView(viewModel: ItemListViewModel(repository: PopulatedMockRepository()))
}
```

## 应避免的反模式

* 在新代码中使用 `ObservableObject` / `@Published` / `@StateObject` / `@EnvironmentObject` —— 迁移到 `@Observable`
* 将异步工作直接放在 `body` 或 `init` 中 —— 使用 `.task {}` 或显式的加载方法
* 在不拥有数据的子视图中将视图模型创建为 `@State` —— 改为从父视图传递
* 使用 `AnyView` 类型擦除 —— 对于条件视图,优先选择 `@ViewBuilder` 或 `Group`
* 在向 Actor 传递数据或从 Actor 接收数据时忽略 `Sendable` 要求

## 参考

查看技能:`swift-actor-persistence` 以了解基于 Actor 的持久化模式。
查看技能:`swift-protocol-di-testing` 以了解基于协议的 DI 和使用 Swift Testing 进行测试。
03

Trust audit

SAFEgrade B · trust 89/100 Nothing in the source contradicts what it says it does. Grade A is reserved for packages that have also passed the behavioural sandbox.

LayerWhat it checksResult
L0Provenance & inventoryPASS
L1Static analysis of the codeNA
L2Instruction surface (what it tells the agent)PASS
L3Class-specific surfacePASS
L4Behavioural (sandbox)SKIPPED

What the source does

Filesystem
none-observed
Network
none-observed
Shell
none-observed
Dependencies
pinned
Secrets in source
none-found

Findings (0)

No findings outside the package's declared scope.

Gates applied: no_behavioural_pass.

Audited 2026-10-12 · audit v0.4.1 · source sha 012f775295c3full audit observations/trust-audit/skill/xu-xiang__swiftui-patterns.json · Report an issue / request a re-scan
04

Audit history

Every audit this skill has had.

DateSourceVerdictGradeScoreChange
2026-10-12012f775295c3SAFEB89first audit
05

Questions

What does the Swiftui Patterns skill do?

everything-claude-code 中文翻译项目:完整的 Claude Code 配置集合(agents, skills, hooks, commands, rules, MCPs)。源自 Anthropic 黑客松获胜者的实战配置,助力中文工程师高效理解与使用 Claude Code。

Is Swiftui Patterns safe to install?

The audit found nothing in the source that contradicts what it says it does, and graded it B (89/100). Grade A is held back for packages that have also passed a sandboxed behavioural run, which is why a clean skill reads B.

What can Swiftui Patterns access on my machine?

The audit observed no filesystem, network or shell use at all in its source.

How current is this page?

The grade is for one exact copy of the source (012f775295c3), read on 2026-10-12. The repository is watched, and a new audit runs when it changes — this is the first audit.

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