Deployment PatternsSAFE

everything-claude-code 中文翻译项目:完整的 Claude Code 配置集合(agents, skills, hooks, commands, rules, MCPs)。源自 Anthropic 黑客松获胜者的实战配置,助力中文工程师高效理解与使用 Claude Code。

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---
name: deployment-patterns
description: 部署工作流、CI/CD流水线模式、Docker容器化、健康检查、回滚策略以及Web应用程序的生产就绪检查清单。
origin: ECC
---

# 部署模式

生产环境部署工作流和 CI/CD 最佳实践。

## 何时启用

* 设置 CI/CD 流水线时
* 将应用容器化(Docker)时
* 规划部署策略(蓝绿、金丝雀、滚动)时
* 实现健康检查和就绪探针时
* 准备生产发布时
* 配置环境特定设置时

## 部署策略

### 滚动部署(默认)

逐步替换实例——在发布过程中,新旧版本同时运行。

```
Instance 1: v1 → v2  (update first)
Instance 2: v1        (still running v1)
Instance 3: v1        (still running v1)

Instance 1: v2
Instance 2: v1 → v2  (update second)
Instance 3: v1

Instance 1: v2
Instance 2: v2
Instance 3: v1 → v2  (update last)
```

**优点:** 零停机时间,渐进式发布
**缺点:** 两个版本同时运行——需要向后兼容的更改
**适用场景:** 标准部署,向后兼容的更改

### 蓝绿部署

运行两个相同的环境。原子化地切换流量。

```
Blue  (v1) ← traffic
Green (v2)   idle, running new version

# After verification:
Blue  (v1)   idle (becomes standby)
Green (v2) ← traffic
```

**优点:** 即时回滚(切换回蓝色环境),切换干净利落
**缺点:** 部署期间需要双倍的基础设施
**适用场景:** 关键服务,对问题零容忍

### 金丝雀部署

首先将一小部分流量路由到新版本。

```
v1: 95% of traffic
v2:  5% of traffic  (canary)

# If metrics look good:
v1: 50% of traffic
v2: 50% of traffic

# Final:
v2: 100% of traffic
```

**优点:** 在全量发布前,通过真实流量发现问题
**缺点:** 需要流量分割基础设施和监控
**适用场景:** 高流量服务,风险性更改,功能标志

## Docker

### 多阶段 Dockerfile (Node.js)

```dockerfile
# Stage 1: Install dependencies
FROM node:22-alpine AS deps
WORKDIR /app
COPY package.json package-lock.json ./
RUN npm ci --production=false

# Stage 2: Build
FROM node:22-alpine AS builder
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=deps /app/node_modules ./node_modules
COPY . .
RUN npm run build
RUN npm prune --production

# Stage 3: Production image
FROM node:22-alpine AS runner
WORKDIR /app

RUN addgroup -g 1001 -S appgroup && adduser -S appuser -u 1001
USER appuser

COPY --from=builder --chown=appuser:appgroup /app/node_modules ./node_modules
COPY --from=builder --chown=appuser:appgroup /app/dist ./dist
COPY --from=builder --chown=appuser:appgroup /app/package.json ./

ENV NODE_ENV=production
EXPOSE 3000

HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s --start-period=5s --retries=3 \
  CMD wget --no-verbose --tries=1 --spider http://localhost:3000/health || exit 1

CMD ["node", "dist/server.js"]
```

### 多阶段 Dockerfile (Go)

```dockerfile
FROM golang:1.22-alpine AS builder
WORKDIR /app
COPY go.mod go.sum ./
RUN go mod download
COPY . .
RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go build -ldflags="-s -w" -o /server ./cmd/server

FROM alpine:3.19 AS runner
RUN apk --no-cache add ca-certificates
RUN adduser -D -u 1001 appuser
USER appuser

COPY --from=builder /server /server

EXPOSE 8080
HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s CMD wget -qO- http://localhost:8080/health || exit 1
CMD ["/server"]
```

### 多阶段 Dockerfile (Python/Django)

```dockerfile
FROM python:3.12-slim AS builder
WORKDIR /app
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir uv
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN uv pip install --system --no-cache -r requirements.txt

FROM python:3.12-slim AS runner
WORKDIR /app

RUN useradd -r -u 1001 appuser
USER appuser

COPY --from=builder /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages
COPY --from=builder /usr/local/bin /usr/local/bin
COPY . .

ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1
EXPOSE 8000

HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s CMD python -c "import urllib.request; urllib.request.urlopen('http://localhost:8000/health/')" || exit 1
CMD ["gunicorn", "config.wsgi:application", "--bind", "0.0.0.0:8000", "--workers", "4"]
```

### Docker 最佳实践

```
# GOOD practices
- Use specific version tags (node:22-alpine, not node:latest)
- Multi-stage builds to minimize image size
- Run as non-root user
- Copy dependency files first (layer caching)
- Use .dockerignore to exclude node_modules, .git, tests
- Add HEALTHCHECK instruction
- Set resource limits in docker-compose or k8s

# BAD practices
- Running as root
- Using :latest tags
- Copying entire repo in one COPY layer
- Installing dev dependencies in production image
- Storing secrets in image (use env vars or secrets manager)
```

## CI/CD 流水线

### GitHub Actions (标准流水线)

```yaml
name: CI/CD

on:
  push:
    branches: [main]
  pull_request:
    branches: [main]

jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: 22
          cache: npm
      - run: npm ci
      - run: npm run lint
      - run: npm run typecheck
      - run: npm test -- --coverage
      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        if: always()
        with:
          name: coverage
          path: coverage/

  build:
    needs: test
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
      - uses: docker/login-action@v3
        with:
          registry: ghcr.io
          username: ${{ github.actor }}
          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
      - uses: docker/build-push-action@v5
        with:
          push: true
          tags: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}:${{ github.sha }}
          cache-from: type=gha
          cache-to: type=gha,mode=max

  deploy:
    needs: build
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
    environment: production
    steps:
      - name: Deploy to production
        run: |
          # Platform-specific deployment command
          # Railway: railway up
          # Vercel: vercel --prod
          # K8s: kubectl set image deployment/app app=ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}:${{ github.sha }}
          echo "Deploying ${{ github.sha }}"
```

### 流水线阶段

```
PR opened:
  lint → typecheck → unit tests → integration tests → preview deploy

Merged to main:
  lint → typecheck → unit tests → integration tests → build image → deploy staging → smoke tests → deploy production
```

## 健康检查

### 健康检查端点

```typescript
// Simple health check
app.get("/health", (req, res) => {
  res.status(200).json({ status: "ok" });
});

// Detailed health check (for internal monitoring)
app.get("/health/detailed", async (req, res) => {
  const checks = {
    database: await checkDatabase(),
    redis: await

SAFEgrade B · trust 89/100 Nothing in the source contradicts what it says it does. Grade A is reserved for packages that have also passed the behavioural sandbox.

What the source does

Filesystem

none-observed

Network

none-observed

Shell

none-observed

Dependencies

pinned

Secrets in source

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Findings (0)

No findings outside the package's declared scope.

Gates applied: no_behavioural_pass.