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Er Identification

skill · brycewang-stanford/Awesome-Journal-SkillsMIT licenceAudited 22 Oct 2026 · source 9b73efe58ece

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✓SAFEGrade B · 89/100 · 22 Oct 2026 · 9b73efe
1,284repo stars · whole brycewang-stanford/Awesome-Journal-Skills

Is it safe? Yes — SAFE, grade B (89/100). We read this skill's source at commit 9b73efe58ece and found no filesystem, network or shell access and no hard-coded secrets. What it does: Use when the empirical identification strategy is the bottleneck for an Economic-Research manuscript — quasi-experimental designs (DID, IV, RDD, DML, event study). Stress-tests the design against modern (2019-2024)…

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ModelsAtlas. “Er Identification (brycewang-stanford/Awesome-Journal-Skills)”. Retrieved 22 Oct 2026. https://modelsatlas.com/skills/brycewang-stanford/er-identification

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Trust score89/100✓SAFE B
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Full source on GitHub ↗

Its description: Use when the empirical identification strategy is the bottleneck for an Economic-Research manuscript — quasi-experimental designs (DID, IV, RDD, DML, event study). Stress-tests the design against modern (2019-2024)…

---
name: er-identification
description: Use when the empirical identification strategy is the bottleneck for an Economic-Research manuscript — quasi-experimental designs (DID, IV, RDD, DML, event study). Stress-tests the design against modern (2019-2024) estimators and reporting standards before drafting tables.
---

# 因果识别策略(er-identification)

配套代码:`resources/code/stata/03_did_modern.do`(DID)、`04_iv.do`(IV)、`05_rdd.do`(RDD)、`06_dml.do`(DML)。

## 触发时机

- 实证主体仅有 OLS + 控制变量
- DID 用了 TWFE 但没回应近年异质性处理效应批评
- IV 第一阶段弱 / 工具变量内生性疑虑
- 准备用双重机器学习但不确定怎么报告

## 设计优先级

《经济研究》编委的偏好排序(强 → 弱):

1. **政策冲击 + DID(含 staggered / continuous treatment)**
2. **断点回归(清晰的政策门槛)**
3. **工具变量(强工具 + 排他性论证)**
4. **倾向得分匹配 + DID**
5. **合成控制法**
6. **双重机器学习 / 因果森林**
7. OLS + 严密内生性讨论(在结构估计 / 理论实证文章中可接受)

> 该刊明确反对"唯定量倾向":识别策略再漂亮,也要回到理论与中国制度问题。识别是手段,不是卖点。

## 分支 A:交叠(多时点)DID —— ★ 最常见也最易被挑

交叠 DID **不能只报 TWFE**。标准流程四步:

1. **TWFE 基准**——读者熟悉的起点(但交叠下可能有偏)。
2. **Goodman-Bacon (2021) 分解**(`bacondecomp`)——展示"坏比较 / 负权重"问题。
3. **异质性稳健估计量做主结果**(下表任选其一为主,其余作稳健性):

| 估计量 | 论文 | Stata | R |
|--------|------|-------|---|
| group-time ATT | Callaway & Sant'Anna (2021) | `csdid` | `did::att_gt` |
| 交互加权 IW | Sun & Abraham (2021) | `eventstudyinteract` | `fixest::sunab` |
| 插补(最有效率) | Borusyak, Jaravel & Spiess (2024) | `did_imputation` | `didimputation` |
| 两阶段 | Gardner (2022) | `did2s` | `did2s` |
| 非二值/可逆处理 | de Chaisemartin & D'Haultfœuille (2020/24) | `did_multiplegt_dyn` | `DIDmultiplegtDYN` |

```stata
* Callaway-Sant'Anna:gvar = 首次受处理年份,从不处理者 = 0
csdid Y X, ivar(id) time(year) gvar(gvar) method(dripw)
estat simple        // 总体 ATT
estat event         // 动态效应
```

4. **事件研究图**检验平行趋势与动态效应(处理前一期为基准、95% CI、处理时点垂直虚线)。
5. **安慰剂**:随机指派处理时点/对象 500–1000 次,看真实系数是否落在分布尾部(见 `er-robustness`)。

**避坑**:平行趋势"只看图不检验";预期效应/提前反应;用 TWFE 事件研究当交叠下的动态主结果(也可能有偏,主结果用 CS / SA)。

## 分支 B:IV —— 报告现代弱工具诊断

不要只报"F>10"。标准报告四要素:

1. **第一阶段 Kleibergen-Paap rk Wald F**(异方差/聚类下有效,取代 Cragg-Donald F)。
2. 对照 **Stock-Yogo (2005)** 临界值。
3. **有效 F**(Montiel Olea & Pflueger 2013,`weakivtest`),单内生变量更稳妥。
4. **弱工具稳健推断**:Anderson-Rubin 检验与置信区间(`weakiv`);恰好识别时 AR 对弱工具完全稳健。

```stata
ivreg2 Y X (D = Z1 Z2), robust first   // 自动报告 KP rk F、Hansen J
weakivtest                              // 有效 F
weakiv ivreg2 Y X (D = Z1 Z2), robust   // AR / CLR / K 稳健区间
```

**排他性论证至少三段**:理论 / 制度 / 安慰剂;并报告 reduced form。
**范文对标**(确属《经济研究》):王永钦、董雯《机器人的兴起如何影响中国劳动力市场?》(2020 年第 10 期)——以美国行业机器人渗透趋势构造 Bartik / shift-share 工具变量,论证外生性与排他性。

## 分支 C:RDD

```stata
rdplot     Y X, c(0) p(1) kernel(triangular)
rdrobust   Y X, c(0) p(1) kernel(triangular) bwselect(mserd)  // 报告 Robust 行
rddensity  X, c(0)                                             // CJM 操纵检验
```

- 主估计报告 **稳健偏差校正 CI**(Calonico-Cattaneo-Titiunik 2014 的核心贡献),不要只报常规 CI。
- 操纵检验用 `rddensity`(Cattaneo-Jansson-Ma,已取代 McCrary 2008)。
- 稳健性:协变量连续性、≥3 个带宽、donut RD、安慰剂断点。
- **范文对标**(确属《经济研究》):刘生龙、周绍杰、胡鞍钢《义务教育法与中国城镇教育回报:基于断点回归设计》(2016 年第 2 期)。

## 分支 D:DML 双重机器学习

报告:模型类型(偏线性 PLR / 交互式)、交叉拟合折数 K(5 或 10)、干扰函数学习器(lasso / 随机森林 / 梯度提升)+ 学习器稳健性对比、Neyman 正交得分标准误(Chernozhukov et al. 2018)。Stata `ddml`+`pystacked`;Python `DoubleML`。

## 分支 E:结构估计 / 理论实证

微观基础是否清晰?识别假设是否明确列出?参数估计是否提供反事实分析?

## 标准误

| 场景 | 做法 | 命令 |
|------|------|------|
| 组内相关 | 聚类稳健 | `reghdfe ..., vce(cluster id)` |
| 两维相关 | 双向聚类 | `vce(cluster firm year)` |
| 聚类数过少(<~40) | wild cluster bootstrap | `boottest`(见 er-robustness) |
| 空间相关 | Conley 空间 HAC | `acreg` |

## 执行桥(StatsPAI / Stata MCP)

把设计**跑出来并审计**,而不是只做描述。完整映射见
[`execution-with-mcp`](../../../shared-resources/empirical-methods/execution-with-mcp.md)。《经济研究》是中文经济学顶刊,识别可信度通常是约束;交错 DID、弱工具稳健 IV、RDD 与机制检验。

- `detect_design` → `recommend` → 用 `as_handle=true` 拟合 → `audit_result` 列出尚欠的检查。
- **观察性因果:**交错 DID(`callaway_santanna` / `sun_abraham` + `bacon_decomposition` +
  `honest_did_from_result`);IV(`effective_f_test` + `anderson_rubin_ci`);RDD(`rdrobust` +
  `mccrary_test`)。
- **实验:**随机化推断 + `romano_wolf` 做多结果族错误率控制。
- **敏感性:**`oster_delta` / `sensemakr`。

正文报告**经济量级**,完整 battery 进附录;每个数字都能复现。端到端真跑示例见
[JF 执行 walkthrough](../../../Journal-of-Finance-Skills/resources/worked-examples/02-execution-walkthrough.md)。若 StatsPAI/Stata 未连接,改用 `resources/code/` 并标注未验证数字。
## 必查清单

- [ ] 交叠 DID:Bacon 分解 + 至少一种异质性稳健估计量 + 事件研究图
- [ ] 平行趋势 / 平滑性 / 弱工具 检验都做了(不是只看图)
- [ ] 安慰剂检验(处理时点随机 / 处理对象随机)
- [ ] IV:KP rk F + 有效 F + AR 稳健区间 + reduced form + 排他性三段论证
- [ ] RDD:报告 Robust 行 CI + rddensity 操纵检验 + 多带宽
- [ ] 标准误聚类层次合理;少聚类时 wild bootstrap
- [ ] 回应了"被处理者预期 / 提前反应"问题

## 反模式

- TWFE + staggered 但不讨论异质性处理偏误
- IV 用"外生事件 × 上一期内生变量"——审稿人会问"为何上一期不影响当期"
- "我们认为该政策外生于公司决策"但没给证据
- RDD 用了截断带宽但不汇报带宽敏感性
- 把识别策略当卖点,脱离理论与中国制度问题

## 输出格式

```
【识别策略】交叠DID / IV / RDD / DML / 结构估计 / 其他
【交叠DID 主估计量】TWFE only(需升级)/ CS / SA / BJS / dCDH
【已完成检验】[Bacon分解, 平行趋势, 安慰剂, KP F, 有效F, AR, rddensity, ...]
【缺失检验】[...]
【聚类层次】...
【下一步】er-mechanism
```

Excerpt, first 4,830 characters of SKILL.md, verbatim from the audited commit. It is text from someone else’s repository, quoted so you can judge it before your agent reads it.

Install

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git clone https://github.com/brycewang-stanford/Awesome-Journal-Skills
git -C Awesome-Journal-Skills checkout 9b73efe58ece

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  1. ✓SAFE B 89 / 100

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Er Topic Selection✓SAFE

brycewang-stanford/Awesome-Journal-Skills

Use when an Economic-Research manuscript is at the topic-selection stage and the theoretical grounding, marginal-contribution sentence, or venue match are unsettled. Produces the contribution-sentence template and the…

★ 1.3kGrade B
Er Workflow✓SAFE

brycewang-stanford/Awesome-Journal-Skills

Use when deciding which er-* sub-skill to invoke next, or when sequencing manuscript work from topic selection through rebuttal for 《经济研究》 (Economic Research Journal). Routes — does not replace — the specialized skills.

★ 1.3kGrade B
Er Tables Figures✓SAFE

brycewang-stanford/Awesome-Journal-Skills

Use when finalizing regression tables and figures for an Economic-Research manuscript. Enforces three-line table style, footnote conventions, column-count discipline, and figure aesthetics.

★ 1.3kGrade B
Er Submission✓SAFE

brycewang-stanford/Awesome-Journal-Skills

Use when running the final pre-submission preflight for 《经济研究》 — anonymization, author rules, abstract & keywords, reference style, anti-plagiarism, supplementary files, and the submission portal. Distinguishes…

★ 1.3kGrade B
Er Style✓SAFE

brycewang-stanford/Awesome-Journal-Skills

Use when polishing the language and rhetoric of an 《经济研究》 manuscript — eliminating empty-significance phrases, fixing vague policy talk, replacing method-flexing with mechanism, and aligning tense / person / hedging…

★ 1.3kGrade B
Er Rebuttal✓SAFE

brycewang-stanford/Awesome-Journal-Skills

Use when responding to reviewer and editorial-board reports for an 《经济研究》 (Economic Research Journal) R&R — sequencing manuscript revision before letter writing, drafting point-by-point replies in the accept /…

★ 1.3kGrade B

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Questions about Er Identification

What does the Er Identification skill do?
Journal-specific Claude Code/Codex skill packs covering mainstream journals — AER, QJE, Nature, Cell, 管理世界, 经济研究 & 200+ more — your fast track to getting published. | 覆盖主流期刊的 Claude Code/Codex 期刊技能包,从选题、识别策略到表格规范与审稿回复全流程,助你快速发论文。
Is Er Identification safe to install?
The audit found nothing in the source that contradicts what it says it does, and graded it B (89/100). Grade A is held back for packages that have also passed a sandboxed behavioural run, which is why a clean skill reads B.
What can Er Identification access on my machine?
The audit observed no filesystem, network or shell use at all in its source.
How current is this page?
The grade is for one exact copy of the source (9b73efe58ece), read on 2026-10-22. The repository is watched, and a new audit runs when it changes — this is the first audit.

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