Agent skill · Audited from source

Er Heterogeneity

skill · brycewang-stanford/Awesome-Journal-SkillsMIT licenceAudited 21 Oct 2026 · source 9b73efe58ece

★ 1,283pushed 24 days ago
✓SAFEGrade B · 89/100 · 21 Oct 2026 · 9b73efe
1,283repo stars · whole brycewang-stanford/Awesome-Journal-Skills

Is it safe? Yes — SAFE, grade B (89/100). We read this skill's source at commit 9b73efe58ece and found no filesystem, network or shell access and no hard-coded secrets. What it does: Use when designing or writing the heterogeneity section of an 《经济研究》 (Economic Research Journal) manuscript — choosing which dimensions to cut, justifying each cut theoretically, presenting subsample results with…

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ModelsAtlas. “Er Heterogeneity (brycewang-stanford/Awesome-Journal-Skills)”. Retrieved 21 Oct 2026. https://modelsatlas.com/skills/brycewang-stanford/er-heterogeneity

Trust audit

Audit 0.4.1 · source read 21 Oct 2026

Trust score89/100✓SAFE B
0 critical0 high0 medium0 low0 info

SAFE means nothing in the source contradicts what the skill says it does. Grade B is shared by 13,985 of 14,816 audited skills.

What the source does

  • FilesystemNone observedNo reads or writes in the source
  • NetworkNone observedNo outbound calls in the source
  • ShellNone observedNo commands run in the source
  • DependenciesPinnedNothing floats
  • SecretsNone foundNo keys in source

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LayerWhat we checkResultFindings
L0 ProvenanceRepo owner, licence, archive status, activityPASS0
L1 Static sourceSecrets, path traversal, supply chain, hidden codeNA0
L2 InstructionsPrompt injection, authority framing, hidden directivesPASS0
L3 InventoryThe files and declarations match the sourcePASS0
L4 SandboxRun in isolation and watch behaviourSKIPPED why0

Gates applied: no behavioural pass.

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No findings at any severity. We re-audit when the source changes.

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What it tells the agent

Full source on GitHub ↗

Its description: Use when designing or writing the heterogeneity section of an 《经济研究》 (Economic Research Journal) manuscript — choosing which dimensions to cut, justifying each cut theoretically, presenting subsample results with…

---
name: er-heterogeneity
description: Use when designing or writing the heterogeneity section of an 《经济研究》 (Economic Research Journal) manuscript — choosing which dimensions to cut, justifying each cut theoretically, presenting subsample results with coefficient-difference tests, and wiring at least one dimension back to the mechanism story so heterogeneity doubles as mechanism evidence. 使用时机:主结果已稳健但只切了"东中西"一类单一维度、审稿人要求补做异质性、或切分维度缺乏理论指引时。
---

# 异质性分析(er-heterogeneity)

## 触发时机

- 主结果已稳健,但只切了一个维度("东中西"或"国企 / 非国企")
- 审稿人要求补做异质性
- 切了多个维度但没有理论指引

## 切分维度优先级

按《经济研究》读者期待度排序:

1. **制度环境 / 市场化程度** —— 王小鲁《中国分省份市场化指数》、各地法治指数
2. **企业产权 / 公司治理** —— 国企 / 民企 / 外资、董事会独立性
3. **行业属性** —— 高新 / 传统、上下游、是否管制
4. **时间窗** —— 政策初期 vs. 后期 / 经济周期
5. **个体特征**(如适用)—— 年龄、教育、技能水平

至少切 3 个维度,每个维度至少 2 个子样本对比。

## 维度选择三原则

1. **有理论指引**:切分维度必须能解释"为什么这一维度上效应不同"
2. **样本量足够**:每个子样本 N ≥ 100 是底线
3. **系数差异显著性检验**:必须报告 Chow 检验或交互项

## 异质性写作模板

```
本文进一步检验[维度]异质性。

理论上,[原因]......
实证上,本文将样本按[维度]分为[组 1] 和 [组 2],分别估计主回归(结果见表 X 第 (1)(2) 列)。
结果显示,[组 1] 的处理效应为 X,而 [组 2] 为 Y,系数差异在 [显著水平] 上显著。
这一发现与本文的[机制]一致。
```

## 该刊的呈现惯例:分样本表 vs. 交互项

两种呈现方式在《经济研究》正文中都常见,选择标准:

- **分样本回归(并列同一张表)**:适合切分变量是离散制度属性(产权、行业管制、地区市场化分组)时。惯例是一张表放一个维度,(1)(2) 列为两个子样本,表下注明分组标准与分组变量出处(如市场化指数取样本期中位数分组),并**单独一行报告组间系数差异的经验 p 值**(费舍尔组合检验 / 自体抽样法),而不是让读者自己目测两列星号。
- **交互项回归**:适合切分变量连续(融资约束指数、数字化程度)时,避免人为二分损失信息。交互项系数即"异质性本身",正文解读应写成"X 的效应随 Z 每提高一个标准差而增强 β 个单位",而非只说"交互项显著"。

两点该刊特有的口味:

1. **异质性小节标题写经济含义,不写变量名**——用"融资约束的调节作用"而非"按 SA 指数分组";小节首句先给理论预期,再给结果。
2. **不显著的维度也要交代**:若某个理论上应有差异的维度没切出差异,正文用一两句话诚实报告并解释(度量噪声 / 渠道被政策抵消),比悄悄删掉更能赢得审稿人信任。

### 微型对照(改写前 / 改写后)

> ❌ 改写前:"分组回归显示,国企组系数为 0.021,民企组系数为 0.058,说明存在产权异质性。"
>
> ✅ 改写后:"民企组的处理效应(0.058)约为国企组(0.021)的 2.8 倍,组间差异的经验 p 值为 0.03。这与假说 2 的预期一致:民营企业面临更紧的外部融资约束,政策带来的现金流改善对其边际价值更高,产权维度的差异因而构成融资约束机制的侧面证据。"

改写后同时完成了三件事:报差异检验、给理论解释、回扣机制。

## 与机制分析的关系

异质性 ≈ 机制的反向验证:
- 机制告诉我们"为什么有效应"
- 异质性告诉我们"在什么条件下效应更强 / 更弱"

理想的实证文章应该:**机制(M 强 → 效应强)** 与 **异质性(M 强样本 → 效应强)** 互相印证。

## 必查清单

- [ ] 至少 3 个异质性维度
- [ ] 每个维度有理论指引
- [ ] 系数差异显著性检验报告
- [ ] 各子样本量足够
- [ ] 异质性结论与机制一致(或合理解释不一致)

## 反模式

- 把控制变量挂上交互项就叫"异质性"
- 切分后某一组 N=30 还在解释
- 切了 8 个维度凑数,但每个都不显著
- 异质性结论与机制冲突但不解释

## 异质性作为机制的侧证(重要)

按江艇(2022)的思路,**理论驱动的异质性是比中介分解更可信的机制证据**:若机制是 M,则在"M 渠道更畅通 / 更受约束"的子样本中,主效应应更强 / 更弱。设计异质性时,刻意让至少一个维度**对应某条机制**,使机制与异质性相互印证(详见 `er-mechanism`)。

## 配套与范例

- 完整范文:[`resources/worked-examples/06-heterogeneity.md`](../../resources/worked-examples/06-heterogeneity.md)(三维异质性 + 机制侧证)
- 范本对标:张勋等(2019,《经济研究》第 8 期)以群体异质性佐证数字金融渠道,见 [`resources/exemplars/`](../../resources/exemplars/)

## 输出格式

```
【异质性维度】X 个
【系数差异检验】是 / 否
【与机制一致性】是 / 否(哪一维度对应哪条机制)
【最小子样本量】X
【下一步】er-tables-figures
```

Excerpt, first 2,644 characters of SKILL.md, verbatim from the audited commit. It is text from someone else’s repository, quoted so you can judge it before your agent reads it.

Install

Pinned to the audited commit 9b73efe

Download folder ↗
git clone https://github.com/brycewang-stanford/Awesome-Journal-Skills
git -C Awesome-Journal-Skills checkout 9b73efe58ece

The author documents no install command, so this uses the repository directly. Our verdict covers commit 9b73efe58ece only.

Works in

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Audit history

Every audit, every source change

  1. ✓SAFE B 89 / 100

    first audit · source 9b73efe58ece

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ModelsAtlas: SAFE BMODELSATLASSAFE · B
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Er Topic Selection✓SAFE

brycewang-stanford/Awesome-Journal-Skills

Use when an Economic-Research manuscript is at the topic-selection stage and the theoretical grounding, marginal-contribution sentence, or venue match are unsettled. Produces the contribution-sentence template and the…

★ 1.3kGrade B
Er Workflow✓SAFE

brycewang-stanford/Awesome-Journal-Skills

Use when deciding which er-* sub-skill to invoke next, or when sequencing manuscript work from topic selection through rebuttal for 《经济研究》 (Economic Research Journal). Routes — does not replace — the specialized skills.

★ 1.3kGrade B
Er Tables Figures✓SAFE

brycewang-stanford/Awesome-Journal-Skills

Use when finalizing regression tables and figures for an Economic-Research manuscript. Enforces three-line table style, footnote conventions, column-count discipline, and figure aesthetics.

★ 1.3kGrade B
Er Submission✓SAFE

brycewang-stanford/Awesome-Journal-Skills

Use when running the final pre-submission preflight for 《经济研究》 — anonymization, author rules, abstract & keywords, reference style, anti-plagiarism, supplementary files, and the submission portal. Distinguishes…

★ 1.3kGrade B
Er Style✓SAFE

brycewang-stanford/Awesome-Journal-Skills

Use when polishing the language and rhetoric of an 《经济研究》 manuscript — eliminating empty-significance phrases, fixing vague policy talk, replacing method-flexing with mechanism, and aligning tense / person / hedging…

★ 1.3kGrade B
Er Rebuttal✓SAFE

brycewang-stanford/Awesome-Journal-Skills

Use when responding to reviewer and editorial-board reports for an 《经济研究》 (Economic Research Journal) R&R — sequencing manuscript revision before letter writing, drafting point-by-point replies in the accept /…

★ 1.3kGrade B

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Questions about Er Heterogeneity

What does the Er Heterogeneity skill do?
Journal-specific Claude Code/Codex skill packs covering mainstream journals — AER, QJE, Nature, Cell, 管理世界, 经济研究 & 200+ more — your fast track to getting published. | 覆盖主流期刊的 Claude Code/Codex 期刊技能包,从选题、识别策略到表格规范与审稿回复全流程,助你快速发论文。
Is Er Heterogeneity safe to install?
The audit found nothing in the source that contradicts what it says it does, and graded it B (89/100). Grade A is held back for packages that have also passed a sandboxed behavioural run, which is why a clean skill reads B.
What can Er Heterogeneity access on my machine?
The audit observed no filesystem, network or shell use at all in its source.
How current is this page?
The grade is for one exact copy of the source (9b73efe58ece), read on 2026-10-21. The repository is watched, and a new audit runs when it changes — this is the first audit.

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